The horse (Equus caballus) is a herbivorous mammal of the equid family, domesticated approximately 5,500 years ago in the Eurasian steppes, between the Don and lower Volga rivers. This domestication profoundly transformed human societies by revolutionizing travel, trade, agricultural labor, and warfare. Today, nearly 400 horse breeds are recognized worldwide, spanning thoroughbreds, warmbloods, and draft horses, each suited to a particular use — racing, riding, harness work, or farm labor. Only the Przewalski's horse, native to Central Asia, is now considered the last truly wild horse. Long essential to transport and agriculture, the horse remains today an animal of sport, leisure, and companionship.
